An Investigation of the Knowledge and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers in Bauchi State
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Background of the Study
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a crucial infant feeding practice recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the first six months of life, as it provides essential nutrients, strengthens the immune system, and reduces infant mortality (WHO, 2024). Despite these benefits, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal in many parts of Nigeria, including Bauchi State (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control [NCDC], 2024). Cultural beliefs, maternal education levels, economic constraints, and inadequate breastfeeding support systems contribute to low EBF adherence (Aliyu & Garba, 2024).
In Bauchi State, infant malnutrition and preventable childhood illnesses remain prevalent, with suboptimal breastfeeding practices identified as a contributing factor (Usman et al., 2024). Although national and state-level interventions have promoted exclusive breastfeeding, gaps remain in knowledge, attitudes, and actual breastfeeding practices among mothers. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Bauchi State to inform effective interventions.
Statement of the Problem
Despite extensive campaigns promoting exclusive breastfeeding, adherence remains low in many regions, including Bauchi State (NCDC, 2024). Many mothers either introduce complementary foods too early or discontinue breastfeeding prematurely due to societal pressures, lack of workplace support, or misconceptions about breast milk sufficiency (Ogunleye et al., 2024). Additionally, limited healthcare interventions fail to address cultural and personal barriers that prevent mothers from exclusively breastfeeding for six months.
This study will assess the level of knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Bauchi State, identifying gaps and suggesting strategies to enhance adherence to recommended breastfeeding practices.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess mothers' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding in Bauchi State.
2. To evaluate the extent to which mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding.
3. To identify barriers and facilitators influencing exclusive breastfeeding adherence.
Research Questions
1. What is the level of knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Bauchi State?
2. What proportion of mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding as recommended?
3. What factors influence adherence or non-adherence to exclusive breastfeeding practices?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding practice.
2. Sociocultural and economic factors influence exclusive breastfeeding adherence.
3. Improved health education and breastfeeding support increase exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on mothers with infants aged 0-6 months in Bauchi State, assessing their knowledge and breastfeeding practices. Limitations may include recall bias in self-reported breastfeeding practices and possible underrepresentation of working mothers.
Definitions of Terms
• Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) – Feeding an infant only breast milk for the first six months, without any additional food or liquids.
• Breastfeeding Knowledge – Awareness of the benefits, duration, and techniques of breastfeeding.
• Breastfeeding Practice – The actual feeding behaviors of mothers, including adherence to exclusive breastfeeding recommendations.
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